Papeles, características y consecuencias del acoso escolar entre estudiantes observadores
una revisión integradora de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2019.0001.00005Palabras clave:
Acoso escolar, Violencia, Salud escolarResumen
Objetivo: identificar las evidencias sobre las principales características de los estudiantes que presencian situaciones de acoso. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Web of Science, Eric, Cinahl, Pubmed y en la biblioteca electrónica Scielo, utilizando en las búsquedas los términos “acoso” y “observadores” en portugués, inglés y español. La pregunta orientadora de la investigación fue: “¿Tal y como aparecen en la literatura los estudiantes identificados como observadores en los estudios sobre acoso?”. Los estudios seleccionados fueron evaluados en términos de la calidad metodológica y presentados de forma narrativa y crítica. Resultados: 29 artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis de la revisión. Los datos revisados fueron organizados en tres grupos: Características de los estudiantes que atestiguan situaciones de acoso; Papeles atribuidos a los observadores; y, Cuestiones relatadas como consecuencias de lo declarado sobre de las agresiones. Los resultados indicaron el papel activo de los observadores en la dinámica del acoso, sus motivaciones para defender o no a las víctimas y el papel que ellos desempeñan en la inhibición o refuerzo de la ocurrencia del fenómeno. Conclusión: las evidencias presentadas pueden orientar prácticas y programas de intervención antiacoso en el área de la salud en Brasil.
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