Experience and perception of HIV-related stigma in homosexual men
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-7475-2019-02-010Keywords:
HIV, Male homosexuality, Social stigma, Qualitative analysisAbstract
Background: HIV-related stigma is associated with negative outcomes for the health and quality of life of people with HIV. It interacts with pre-existing stigmas, such as the one related to sexual orientation, which intensifies its harmful impact. Objectives: The objective was to describe how HIV-related stigma is expressed in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from the perspective of cisgender males with homosexual orientation, and how it is experienced by them. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with interviews to 14 participants, analyzed from the stigma mechanisms framework: enactment, anticipation and internalization. Results: Enacted stigma was observed, mainly, as direct rejection in sexual-affective relations, disclosure of diagnosis without the person’s consent and distance or avoidance of contact with him. Anticipated stigma was expressed as fear of being discriminated against, avoidance of disclosure of the diagnosis to others and self-exclusion. Internalized stigma was evidenced as negative self-concept, shame and guilt. Interactions between HIV and sexual orientation stigmas were observed. Conclusions: These results contribute to progress in the characterization of the experience of HIV-related stigma in Buenos Ares and to the design of interventions for its reduction, adapted to the culture and needs of this specific group.
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