Estigma hacia problemas de salud mental entre profesionales de la salud en adiestramiento en Puerto Rico.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2013.0003.00003Keywords:
Estigma, Salud Mental, Profesionales, Puerto Rico, Stigma, Mental Health, Health Professionals,Abstract
El estigma hacia personas viven con problemas de salud mental ha sido identificado como una barrera en la búsqueda y adherencia a tratamiento. Según la literatura, los/as profesionales de la salud manifiestan actitudes estigmatizantes hacia esta población. Los estudios en Puerto Rico que documenten esta problemática son escasos. El objetivo de este estudio fue: (1) explorar los niveles del estigma que un grupo de Profesionales de la Salud en Adiestramiento (PSA) tiene o manifiesta hacia quienes presentan problemas de salud mental , (2) explorar si existen diferencias en los promedios obtenidos en la escala de estigma entre las diversas disciplinas (Psicología Clínica [PC], Trabajo Social [TS], Medicina [MD]) y (3) explorar si existen diferencias significativas en los promedios obtenidos en la escala de estigma de acuerdo al género de los/las participantes. Se administró la Escala de Estigma y Salud Mental (EESMPR) a 146 PSA. Los análisis de MANOVA revelaron que los/as PSA de MD obtuvieron las puntuaciones promedio más altas (27.8). El puntaje obtenido en la prueba de Wilks’ Lambda de .016 resultó significativo, F (2, 144) = 9.328, p <.05, sugiriendo que los promedios varían de acuerdo a la profesión. Las puntuaciones de los PSA de MD fueron significativamente mayores con un tamaño de efecto grande en comparación con los PSA de PC y moderado con los de TS. Sin embargo, los resultados no revelaron diferencias significativas entre el género y la escala general (EESMPR), Wilk’s Lambda (Wilk’s ?) = .940 F (2, 138) = 2.938, p > .05. aunque, si se identificaron diferencias significativas entre género masculino y en la sub-escala (DS), F (2, 138) = 6.860, p < .05 eta parcial, = .047. Estos hallazgos documentan la necesidad de desarrollar intervenciones para reducir el estigma hacia personas que sufren de problemas de salud mental en PSA.
Stigmatization of people who live with mental health problems has been identified as a barrier in the seeking of, adherence to, and outcomes of, treatment. Scientific literature has documented how health professionals hold stigmatizing attitudes towards this population, but few studies in Puerto Rico have documented this issue. The three-fold objective of this study is to (1) explore levels of stigmatization of people with mental health problems in a sample of health professionals in training , (2) explore differences among disciplines (psychology, social work and medicine) and (3) discover whether or not there are significant differences according to gender. The Mental Health Stigma Scale (MHSS) was administered to 146 professionals in training. A MANOVA analysis revealed that medical students obtained the highest mean scores in the scale (27.8). Scores on the Wilks’ Lambda of .016 were significant, F (2, 144) = 9.328, p <.05, suggesting that mean scores vary according to the profession. The score for the medical professionals in training was significantly higher and with a larger effect size in comparison to clinical psychologists in training. It was moderate in comparison to social workers in training. Nevertheless, the analysis revealed that the relation between gender and the general scale (MHSS) was not significant. Wilk’s Lambda (Wilk’s ?) = .940 F (2, 138) = 2.938, p > .05. However, significant differences were found between gender and the social distance subscale. ) F (2, 138) = 6.860, p < .05 eta partial, = .047. These findings document the need to develop within professional training interventions against the stigmatization of those suffering mental health problems
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