Una medida de la homonegatividad breve, unidimensional, e independiente de los afectos positivos y negativos: Evidencias de validez de la escala de Wrench en Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2016.0001.00001Keywords:
Homonegatividad, análisis factorial confirmatorio, invarianza, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, afecto, Homonegativity, confirmatory factorial analysis, invariance, structural equation models, affect,Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile existen escasas investigaciones sobre la homonegatividad, constructo que combina cogniciones, afectos y conductas de carácter negativo hacia las personas homosexuales (Hudson & Ricketts, 1980). OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de la Escala Breve de Homonegatividad, determinar si existe la suficiente invarianza factorial para realizar comparaciones demográficas y evaluar la influencia del Estado Emocional en la expresión de la homonegatividad. MÉTODO: Aplicación a 303 sujetos (29,4% hombres, 70,6% mujeres, media de 23,25 años de edad (DT= 5,5 años) de batería compuesta por la Escala Breve de Homonegatividad (Wrench, 2005), cuestionario de información demográfica y el Inventario Abreviado de Emocionalidad Positiva y Negativa (PANAS short form) (Thompson, 2007) mediante un muestreo por conveniencia tipo “bola de nieve” a través de internet. RESULTADOS: La escala demostró ser unifactorial, ser invariante tomando en cuenta el sexo de los respondientes, pero sólo a un nivel configural-débil, donde los hombres alcanzaron puntuaciones levemente más altas que las mujeres, estando, sin embargo, ambos grupos en un nivel bajo de homonegatividad. CONCLUSIONES: la Escala Breve de Homonegatividad posee propiedades psicométricas que la hacen ser un instrumento adecuado y válido para cuantificar la homonegatividad en Chile, donde el nivel de homonegatividad manifiesto resulta ser independiente del estado emocional del sujeto al momento de responder. El contar con esta herramienta breve de screening permite describir de mejor forma este fenómeno, donde la generación de nuevos estudios en la materia permitirá a futuro su erradicación en la sociedad chilena.
Introduction: Homonegativity –multidimensional construct that consists of negative affective, cognitive and behavioural responses directed towards homosexuals (Hudson & Rickets, 1980)–, is an emerging research topic in Chile. Objectives: i. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Homonegativity Short Form. ii. To determine if there is enough factorial invariance to make demographical comparisons. iii. To evaluate the influence of the Emotional State in homonegativity. Method: The Homonegativity Short Form (Wrench, 2005), a questionnaire of demographic information and the Positive and the Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS short form) (Thompson, 2007) were applied to a sample of 303 subjects (29,4 % men / 70,6 % women), with an average age range of 23. To collect data convenience sampling was used through the snowball sampling technique via internet. Results: The scale proved to be unifactorial, and also invariant considering the gender of informants. Although men slightly reached higher scores than women, results overall indicate both groups have a low level of homonegativity. Conclusions: The Homonegativity Short Form is an appropriate and valid instrument to quantify homonegativity in Chile. Based on their answers, the emotional state of informants did not influence the level of homonegativity. This instrument describes homonegativity very well. It is believed new studies on the subject will allow the eradication of homonegativity in Chilean society in the future.
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Dermer, S. B., Smith, S. D., & Barto, K. K. (2010). Identifying and correctly labeling sexual prejudice, discrimination, and oppression. Journal of counseling & development, 88(3), 325-331.
Dufey, M., & Fernández, A. M. (2012). Validez y confiabilidad del Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 34(2), 157-173.
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Fundación Ideas (2001). Segunda Encuesta de Tolerancia y No Discriminación. Santiago, Chile.
Fundación Ideas (2003). Tercera Encuesta de Tolerancia y No Discriminación. Santiago, Chile.
Fyfe, B. (1983). “Homophobia” or homosexual bias reconsidered. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 12(6), 549-554.
Gato, J., Fontaine, A. M., & Carneiro, N. S. (2012). Multidimensional scale of attitudes toward lesbians and gay Men?: Construction and preliminary validation. Paidéia, 22(51), 11–20. http://doi.org/10.1002/casp.669
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in personality, 37(6), 504-528.
Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59(2), 93.
Gray, C., Russell, P., & Blockley, S. (1991). The effects upon helping behaviour of wearing pro-gay identification. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 171–178.
Grey, J. A., Robinson, B. B. E., Coleman, E., & Bockting, W. O. (2013). A systematic review of instruments that measure attitudes toward homosexual men. Journal of Sex Research, 50(3-4), 329–52. http://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.746279
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Una medida de la homonegatividad breve, unidimensional, e independiente de los afectos positivos y negativos: Evidencias de validez de la escala de Wrench en Chile. (2016). Salud & Sociedad, 7(1), 10-28. https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2016.0001.00001
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