Percepción de enfermedad y riesgo en obesidad: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/issn.0718-7475-2020-0003Palabras clave:
Percepción de riesgo, Percepción de enfermedad, Creencias de enfermedad, ObesidadResumen
ANTECEDENTES: La obesidad se ha descrito como una enfermedad crónica, multifactorial y evolutiva que pone en riesgo la vida de las personas. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre la percepción de la enfermedad y el riesgo de la obesidad entre enero de 2004 y enero de 2018. MÉTODO: Buscamos en las bases de datos Lilacs, SciELO, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science, estudios que investigan la percepción de la enfermedad y el riesgo de obesidad basado en teorías conductuales y sociales que ayudan a entender por qué los adultos se involucran en conductas de riesgo. RESULTADOS: A partir de 577 referencias, siete estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Identificamos que los individuos obesos tienen dificultad para entender su enfermedad como una crónica que requiere esfuerzos continuos para controlarlo. La evaluación de la percepción del riesgo de obesidad no promocionó las acciones preventivas individuales de la enfermedad ni la adopción de comportamientos adecuados para mejorar el estado de salud. CONCLUSIÓN: La percepción de riesgos es una construcción que ayuda a entender la obesidad y puede subsidiar las prácticas de intervención de cambio de comportamiento en los pacientes.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Fabiana Brum Schakarowski, Claudio Corá Mottin , Elisa Kern De Castro
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