Sesgos cognitivos y su relación con el bienestar subjetivo.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2012.0002.00001Palabras clave:
Bienestar subjetivo, Sesgos cognitivos, Subjective well-being, Cognitive biases,Resumen
Algunos enfoques en psicología plantean que el bienestar de las personas se asocia a una visión correcta y cercana de la realidad social. Sin embargo, gran cantidad de estudios han mostrado de manera consistente que para proteger la imagen que poseen de sí mismas, las personas tienden a analizar la información social de forma tendenciosa (sesgada). Dada esta aparente contradicción, en el presente trabajo se relacionaron una serie de medidas de estos sesgos cognitivos entre sí, junto con otras de bienestar subjetivo. Los resultados indican la existencia de una serie de relaciones significativas entre los diferentes sesgos, así como con medidas de bienestar, observándose que, por un lado, las personas sesgan de diferentes formas la información social y, por otro, que esta forma de pensamiento se relaciona con una mayor felicidad personal. Se discuten las implicancias de estos resultados tanto para la teoría como para la práctica en psicología.
Some approaches in psychology suggest that well-being is linked to a correct and accurate view of social reality. However, many studies have consistently shown that, in order to protect their positive image of themselves, people tend to analyze social information in a biased manner. Given this apparent contradiction, the present study examined the relationship between a series of measures associated with these cognitive biases and subjective well-being. The results indicated significant correlations between different cognitive biases and well-being measures. These results demonstrate that people bias social information in different ways, and that this type of thinking is associated with increased personal happiness. Implications of these results for both theory and practice in psychology are discussed.
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Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79-98.
Dalbert, C. (2002). Beliefs in a just world as a buffer against anger. Social Justice Research, 15, 123-145.
Diaz, D., Rodriguez, R., Blanco, A., Moreno, B., Gallardo, I. Valle, C., y Van Dierendonck, D. (2006). Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18, 572-577.
Diener, E. (1996). Subjective well-being in cross-cultural perspective. En H. Grad, A. Blanco, y J. Georgas (Eds.), Key issues in cross-cultural psychology (pp.319-330). Liese, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Diener, E., y Larsen, R.J. (1993). The subjective experience of emotional well-being. En M. Lewis, y M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions, New York: Guilford Press.
Echebarría, A., y Páez, D. (1989). Emociones: Perspectivas psicosociales. España: Editorial Fundamentos.
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society. New York: Norton.
Fein, S., y Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.73.1.31
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Fitzgerald, T. E., Tennen, H., Affleck, G., y Pransky, G. S. (1993). The relative importance of dispositional optimism and control appraisals in quality of life after coronary bypass surgery. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 25-43.
Frijda . N .H . (1988). The law of emotions. American Psychologist, 43, 349-358.
Gallardo, I., y Moyano, E. (2012). Análisis psicométrico de las escalas Ryff (versión española) en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos. Universitas Psychologica, 11.
Gallardo, I., y Salazar, C. (2010). El estudio del bienestar psicológico en una muestra de adolescentes maulinos. En E. Moyano-Díaz (Ed.), Calidad de vida y psicología en el bicentenario de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Mármor.
Garaigordobil, M. (2009). Evaluación del programa “Dando pasos hacia la paz -Bakerako urratsak”. Vitoria-Gasteiz: Servicio de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
Gibb, B. E., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Beevers, C. G., y Miller, I. W. (2004). Cognitive vulnerability to depression: A taxometric analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 81-89.
Haeffel, G. J., Gibb, B. E., Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Metalsky, G. I., Joiner, T., Hankin, B. L., y Swendsen, J. (2008). Measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression: Development and validation of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 824-836.
Hafer, C. L., y Bègue, L. (2005). Experimental research on justworld theory: Problems, developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 128-167. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128
Heine, S. J., y Lehman, D. R. (1997). The cultural construction of self enhancement. An investigation of group-serving biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1268-1283.
Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113, 439-460.
Hodson G., y Olson J. M. (2005). Testing the generality of the name letter effect: Name initials and everyday attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1099–1111. doi: 10.1177/0146167205274895
Hoglend, P., y Perry, J. C. (1998). Defensive functioning predicts improvement in major depressive episodes. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 238-243.
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current Concepts of Positive Mental Health. NY: Basic Books.
Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., y Stone, A. A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312, 1908-1910.
Kahneman, D., y Tversky, A. (1971). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 430-454. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3
Koval, P., Laham, S. M., Haslam, N., Bastian, B., y Whelan, J. A. (2012). Our flaws are more human than yours: Ingroup bias in humanizing negative characteristics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 283-295. doi:10.1177/0146167211423777
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2016-11-24
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Sesgos cognitivos y su relación con el bienestar subjetivo. (2016). Salud & Sociedad, 3(2), 115-129. https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2012.0002.00001
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