Mental health issues after the L`aquila (Italy) earthquake.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2012.0001.00002Palavras-chave:
Earthquake, natural disaster, mental health, resilience, terremoto, desastre natural, salud mental, resiliencia,Resumo
The authors describe the psychological consequences of the April 2009 earthquake on L’Aquila population through a revision of the published literature. This population suffered from important psychological distress but capacity of resilience has been relevant. Resilient mechanisms intervened in aftermath of the earthquake but the long-lasting alterations of the social networks need to be monitored. After the first physical, medical and emergency response, identification of psychological distress symptoms is useful in guiding public health efforts in the aftermath of disasters.
Los autores describen las consecuencias psicológicas del terremoto de abril de 2009 en la población de L'Aquila a través de una revisión de la literatura publicada.Esta población sufre de trastornos psicológicos importantes, pero la capacidad de resiliencia ha sido relevante. Mecanismos de resiliencia intervinieron, aún cuando deben ser monitoreadas las alteraciones a largo plazo de las redes sociales. Después de la primera respuesta física, médica y de emergencia, la identificación de los síntomas de angustia psicológica es útil para orientar los esfuerzos de salud pública en las consecuencias de los desastres.
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Referências
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Bland, S. H., O’Leary, E., Farinaro, E., Jossa, F., & Trevisan, M. (1996). Long-Term Psychological Effects of Natural Disasters. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58,18-24.
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychology, 59, 20-8.
Boscarino, J. A., Galea, S., Adams, R. E., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., & Vlahov, D. (2004). Mental Health Service and Medication Use in New York City After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack. Psychiatric
Services, 55, 274-283.
Capanna, C., & Rossi, A. (2011). La spiritualità come fattore di resilienza nel sisma de L’Aquila. Italian Journal of Psychopathology, 17(S1): 125.
Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Webster, R. A., & Kenardy, J. A. (1997). A synthesis of the findings from the Quake Impact Study: a two-year investigation of the psychosocial sequelae. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 123-136.
Carver, C. S. (1997) You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4 (1), 92-100.
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, N. M., & Svrakic, D. M. (1997). Role of personality selforganization in development of mental order and disorder. Developmental psychopathology, 9, 881–906.
Cova, F. & Rincón, P. (2010). The Mental Health Consecuences of the 27F Earthquake and Tsunami. Terapia Psicológica, 28(2), 179-18.
Davydov, D. M., Stewart, R., Ritchie, K., & Chaudieu, I. (2010). Resilience and mental health. Clinical Psychological Review, 30, 479–495.
DeLisi, L. E. (2006). The Katrina disaster and its lessons. World Psychiatry, 5(1), 3-4.
Dell’Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Conversano, C., Daneluzzo, E., Riccardi, I., Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2011a). Impact of traumatic loss on post-traumatic spectrum symptoms in high school students after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake in Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134, 59–64.
Dell’Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Daneluzzo, E., Di Tommaso, S., & Rossi, A. (2011). Full and partial PTSD among young adult survivors 10 months after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake: Gender differences. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131, 79-83.
Dell'Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Rucci, P., Conversano, C., Shear, M. K., Calugi, S., Maser, J. D., Endicott, J., Fagiolini, A., & Cassano, G. B. (2009). A multidimensional spectrum approach to post-traumatic stress disorder: comparison between the Structured Clinical Interview for Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI–TALS) and the Self-Report instrument (TALS-SR). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(5), 485–490.
Fetzer Institute. (1999). Multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spirituality for use in health research. A report of the Fetzer Institute/National Institute on Aging Working Group. Fetzer Institute.
Fine, S. B. (1991). Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture. Resilience and Human Adaptability: Who Rises Above Adversity? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 493-502.
Goenjian A. K., Roussos A., Steinberg A. M., Sotiropoulou C., Walling D., Kakaki M., & Karagianni S. (2011). Longitudinal study of PTSD, depression, and quality of life among adolescents after the Parnitha earthquake. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(3), 509-515.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T.C., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J.H. (2006) A new scale for adolescent resilience: Grasping the central protective resources behind healthy development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling Development, 39, 84.
Katz, C. L, Pellegrino, L., Pandya, A., Ng, A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2002). Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: a review of the literature. Psychiatry Research, 110: 201–217.
Leiva Bianchi, M. (2010). Creation of an indicator of the impact of earthquake data collected from people who lived in the 27-f. Salud y Sociedad, 1(3), 178-185.
Ma, M., Liu, X., Hu, X., Qiu, C., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang Q., Zhang, Z., Li, T. (2011). Risk indicators for post-traumaticstress disorder in adolescents exposed to the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychiatry Research, 189(3), 385-391.
McFarlane, A.C. (2010). The long-term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences. World Psychiatry, 9, 3-10.
Munir, K., Ergene, T., Tunaligil, V., & Erol, N. (2004). A Window of Opportunity for the Transformation of National Mental Health Policy in Turkey Following Two Major Earthquakes. Harvard Review Psychiatry, 12(4), 238–251.
Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38, 467–480.
Nosengo, N. (2011). Scientists on trial over L'Aquila deaths. Nature, 474(15), doi:10.1038/474015a.
Pollice, R., Bianchini, V., Roncone, R., & Casacchia, M. (2011). Marked increase in substance use among young people after L’Aquila earthquake. European Childood and Adolescence Psychiatry, 20, 429–430.
Rossi, A., Capanna, C., Struglia, F., Riccardi, I., & Stratta, P. (2011b). Temperament and Character Inventory – Revised (TCI–R) 1 year after the earthquake of L’Aquila (Italy). Personal and Individual Differences, 51, 545–548.
Rossi, A., di Tommaso, S., Stratta, P., Riccardi, I., & Daneluzzo E.(2011). How much stress is needed to increase vulnerability to psychosis? A community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) evaluation 10 months after an earthquake in L’Aquila (Italy). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, doi: 10.1007/s00406-011-0258-7.
Rossi, A., Maggio, R., Riccardi, I., Allegrini, F., & Stratta, P. (2011a). A quantitative analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescriptions after an earthquake in Italy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(1), 129–132.
Rossi, A., Stratta, P., & Allegrini, F. (2010a). Change in prescription of psychotropics after an earthquake in Italy. Psychiatric Services, 61, 845–846.
Rossi, A., Stratta, P., Maggio, R., & Allegrini, F. (2010b). Un’analisi delle prescrizioni di farmaci antidepressivi e antipsicotici nell’ASL de L’Aquila nei 6 mesi dopo il sisma. Bollettino SIFO, 2, 55-58.
Rossi, A., Struglia, F., Riccardi, I., Daneluzzo, E., Pacifico, R., Cavicchio, A., Di Cosimo, A., Corbi, D., & Stratta P. (Submitted). Resilience And Trauma Exposure In Adolescence: A Cross Sectional Study 2 Year After The Earthquake Of L’Aquila. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Silove, D., & Bryant, R. (2006). Rapid assessments of mental health needs after disasters. Journal of American Medical Association, 296 (5), 576-578.
Skodol, A.E. (2009). The resilient personality. In: Reich JW, Zautra AJ, Hall JS (Ed.). Handbook of adult resilience (112–125). Guilford Press.
Spauwen, J, Krabbendam L, Lieb R, Wittchen HU, & van Os J. (2006). Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 527–533.
Stratta, P., Capanna, C., Riccardi, I., Perugi, G., Toni, C., Dell’Osso, L., Rossi, A. (2012). Spirituality and Religiosity in the Aftermath of a Natural Catastrophe in Italy. Journal of Religion and Health, doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9591-z.
Stratta P., Capanna, C., Riccardi, I., Carmassi, C., Piccinni, A., Dell’Osso, & L., Rossi, A. (2011). Suicidal intention and negative spiritual coping one year after the earthquake of L’Aquila (Italy). Journal of Affective Disorders, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.006.
Stratta P, de Cataldo S, Bonanni RL, Valenti M, Masedu F, & Rossi A. (in press) Mental Health in L’Aquila after the earthquake. Annali Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2010). Resilience in psychopathology agenda. Italian Journal of Psychopathology, 16 (4), 305-308.
Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2010a). Subjective Adjustment of Individuals With Psychiatric Disorders in the Aftermath of the L’Aquila Earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (3), 352-353.
Valenti, M., Ciprietti, T., Di Egidio, C., Gabrielli, M., Masedu, F., Tomassini, A.R., & Sorge, G. (2011). Adaptive Response of Children and Adolescents with Autism to the 2009 Earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, doi: 10.1007/s10803-011-1323-9.
Vogel, E. H., & Vera-Villaroel, P. (2010). Psychology and Natural Disasters: Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile on February 27, 2010. Terapia Psicológica, 28(2), 143-143.
Wang, P.S., Gruber, M.J., Powers, R.E., Schoenbaum, M., Speier, A.H., Wells, K.B., & Kessler, R.C. (2007). Mental Health Service Use Among Hurricane Katrina Survivors in the Eight Months After the Disaster. Psychiatric Services, 58, 1403-1411.
Bland, S. H., O’Leary, E., Farinaro, E., Jossa, F., & Trevisan, M. (1996). Long-Term Psychological Effects of Natural Disasters. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58,18-24.
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychology, 59, 20-8.
Boscarino, J. A., Galea, S., Adams, R. E., Ahern, J., Resnick, H., & Vlahov, D. (2004). Mental Health Service and Medication Use in New York City After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack. Psychiatric
Services, 55, 274-283.
Capanna, C., & Rossi, A. (2011). La spiritualità come fattore di resilienza nel sisma de L’Aquila. Italian Journal of Psychopathology, 17(S1): 125.
Carr, V. J., Lewin, T. J., Webster, R. A., & Kenardy, J. A. (1997). A synthesis of the findings from the Quake Impact Study: a two-year investigation of the psychosocial sequelae. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 123-136.
Carver, C. S. (1997) You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4 (1), 92-100.
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, N. M., & Svrakic, D. M. (1997). Role of personality selforganization in development of mental order and disorder. Developmental psychopathology, 9, 881–906.
Cova, F. & Rincón, P. (2010). The Mental Health Consecuences of the 27F Earthquake and Tsunami. Terapia Psicológica, 28(2), 179-18.
Davydov, D. M., Stewart, R., Ritchie, K., & Chaudieu, I. (2010). Resilience and mental health. Clinical Psychological Review, 30, 479–495.
DeLisi, L. E. (2006). The Katrina disaster and its lessons. World Psychiatry, 5(1), 3-4.
Dell’Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Conversano, C., Daneluzzo, E., Riccardi, I., Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2011a). Impact of traumatic loss on post-traumatic spectrum symptoms in high school students after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake in Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134, 59–64.
Dell’Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Massimetti, G., Daneluzzo, E., Di Tommaso, S., & Rossi, A. (2011). Full and partial PTSD among young adult survivors 10 months after the L'Aquila 2009 earthquake: Gender differences. Journal of Affective Disorders, 131, 79-83.
Dell'Osso, L., Carmassi, C., Rucci, P., Conversano, C., Shear, M. K., Calugi, S., Maser, J. D., Endicott, J., Fagiolini, A., & Cassano, G. B. (2009). A multidimensional spectrum approach to post-traumatic stress disorder: comparison between the Structured Clinical Interview for Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI–TALS) and the Self-Report instrument (TALS-SR). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(5), 485–490.
Fetzer Institute. (1999). Multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spirituality for use in health research. A report of the Fetzer Institute/National Institute on Aging Working Group. Fetzer Institute.
Fine, S. B. (1991). Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture. Resilience and Human Adaptability: Who Rises Above Adversity? American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45, 493-502.
Goenjian A. K., Roussos A., Steinberg A. M., Sotiropoulou C., Walling D., Kakaki M., & Karagianni S. (2011). Longitudinal study of PTSD, depression, and quality of life among adolescents after the Parnitha earthquake. Journal of Affective Disorders, 133(3), 509-515.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Stiles, T.C., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J.H. (2006) A new scale for adolescent resilience: Grasping the central protective resources behind healthy development. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling Development, 39, 84.
Katz, C. L, Pellegrino, L., Pandya, A., Ng, A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2002). Research on psychiatric outcomes and interventions subsequent to disasters: a review of the literature. Psychiatry Research, 110: 201–217.
Leiva Bianchi, M. (2010). Creation of an indicator of the impact of earthquake data collected from people who lived in the 27-f. Salud y Sociedad, 1(3), 178-185.
Ma, M., Liu, X., Hu, X., Qiu, C., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Wang Q., Zhang, Z., Li, T. (2011). Risk indicators for post-traumaticstress disorder in adolescents exposed to the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychiatry Research, 189(3), 385-391.
McFarlane, A.C. (2010). The long-term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences. World Psychiatry, 9, 3-10.
Munir, K., Ergene, T., Tunaligil, V., & Erol, N. (2004). A Window of Opportunity for the Transformation of National Mental Health Policy in Turkey Following Two Major Earthquakes. Harvard Review Psychiatry, 12(4), 238–251.
Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2008). Posttraumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38, 467–480.
Nosengo, N. (2011). Scientists on trial over L'Aquila deaths. Nature, 474(15), doi:10.1038/474015a.
Pollice, R., Bianchini, V., Roncone, R., & Casacchia, M. (2011). Marked increase in substance use among young people after L’Aquila earthquake. European Childood and Adolescence Psychiatry, 20, 429–430.
Rossi, A., Capanna, C., Struglia, F., Riccardi, I., & Stratta, P. (2011b). Temperament and Character Inventory – Revised (TCI–R) 1 year after the earthquake of L’Aquila (Italy). Personal and Individual Differences, 51, 545–548.
Rossi, A., di Tommaso, S., Stratta, P., Riccardi, I., & Daneluzzo E.(2011). How much stress is needed to increase vulnerability to psychosis? A community assessment of psychic experiences (CAPE) evaluation 10 months after an earthquake in L’Aquila (Italy). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, doi: 10.1007/s00406-011-0258-7.
Rossi, A., Maggio, R., Riccardi, I., Allegrini, F., & Stratta, P. (2011a). A quantitative analysis of antidepressant and antipsychotic prescriptions after an earthquake in Italy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(1), 129–132.
Rossi, A., Stratta, P., & Allegrini, F. (2010a). Change in prescription of psychotropics after an earthquake in Italy. Psychiatric Services, 61, 845–846.
Rossi, A., Stratta, P., Maggio, R., & Allegrini, F. (2010b). Un’analisi delle prescrizioni di farmaci antidepressivi e antipsicotici nell’ASL de L’Aquila nei 6 mesi dopo il sisma. Bollettino SIFO, 2, 55-58.
Rossi, A., Struglia, F., Riccardi, I., Daneluzzo, E., Pacifico, R., Cavicchio, A., Di Cosimo, A., Corbi, D., & Stratta P. (Submitted). Resilience And Trauma Exposure In Adolescence: A Cross Sectional Study 2 Year After The Earthquake Of L’Aquila. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Silove, D., & Bryant, R. (2006). Rapid assessments of mental health needs after disasters. Journal of American Medical Association, 296 (5), 576-578.
Skodol, A.E. (2009). The resilient personality. In: Reich JW, Zautra AJ, Hall JS (Ed.). Handbook of adult resilience (112–125). Guilford Press.
Spauwen, J, Krabbendam L, Lieb R, Wittchen HU, & van Os J. (2006). Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 527–533.
Stratta, P., Capanna, C., Riccardi, I., Perugi, G., Toni, C., Dell’Osso, L., Rossi, A. (2012). Spirituality and Religiosity in the Aftermath of a Natural Catastrophe in Italy. Journal of Religion and Health, doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9591-z.
Stratta P., Capanna, C., Riccardi, I., Carmassi, C., Piccinni, A., Dell’Osso, & L., Rossi, A. (2011). Suicidal intention and negative spiritual coping one year after the earthquake of L’Aquila (Italy). Journal of Affective Disorders, doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.006.
Stratta P, de Cataldo S, Bonanni RL, Valenti M, Masedu F, & Rossi A. (in press) Mental Health in L’Aquila after the earthquake. Annali Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2010). Resilience in psychopathology agenda. Italian Journal of Psychopathology, 16 (4), 305-308.
Stratta, P., & Rossi, A. (2010a). Subjective Adjustment of Individuals With Psychiatric Disorders in the Aftermath of the L’Aquila Earthquake. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (3), 352-353.
Valenti, M., Ciprietti, T., Di Egidio, C., Gabrielli, M., Masedu, F., Tomassini, A.R., & Sorge, G. (2011). Adaptive Response of Children and Adolescents with Autism to the 2009 Earthquake in L’Aquila, Italy. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, doi: 10.1007/s10803-011-1323-9.
Vogel, E. H., & Vera-Villaroel, P. (2010). Psychology and Natural Disasters: Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile on February 27, 2010. Terapia Psicológica, 28(2), 143-143.
Wang, P.S., Gruber, M.J., Powers, R.E., Schoenbaum, M., Speier, A.H., Wells, K.B., & Kessler, R.C. (2007). Mental Health Service Use Among Hurricane Katrina Survivors in the Eight Months After the Disaster. Psychiatric Services, 58, 1403-1411.
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2016-11-22
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Mental health issues after the L`aquila (Italy) earthquake. (2016). Salud & Sociedad, 3(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.22199/S07187475.2012.0001.00002
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